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The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger. They saved the city, and the Byzantine Empire with it, during sieges by the Avar-Sassanian coalition, Arabs, Rus', and Bulgars, among others. The advent of gunpowder siege cannons rendered the fortifications vulnerable, but cannon technology was not sufficiently advanced to capture the city on its own, and the walls could be repaired between reloading. Ultimately, the city fell from the sheer weight of numbers of the Ottoman forces on 29 May 1453 after a six-week siege.
The walls were largely maintained intact during most of the Ottoman period until sections began to be dismantled in the 19th century, as the city outgrew its medieval boundaries. Despite lack of maintenance, many parts of the walls survived and are still standing today. A large-scale restoration program has been underway since the 1980s. The Turkish government has now placed the walls on its list of vulnerable historical monuments.

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  1. D

    My 1st Job How would you prep these walls

    Hi all just looking for some advice on a potential first job. The job is a small upstairs bathroom. The customer would like 2 walls tiled. The customer will be putting the bath in before tiling which obviously isn’t shown in the picture. The walls need some prepping as the plaster is starting...
  2. S

    Walls or Floor First?

    Hey guys and gals....... So here's a question for which I am very curious to know the answer from you as I think this will be quite conflicting..... I have had numerous heated discussions with a few other tilers in this respect and I get quite annoyed at some of there answers and their reasons...
  3. E

    My 1st Job what weight tiles will paramount take

    Hi Guys, another newbie here, what weight in kgs per sqm will honeycomb plasterboard walls take please? Paramount Partition wall boards type. I want to fully tile my bathroom walls in 600x300 ceramic tiles but, since finding out the wall structure I am now concerned the walls won’t take the...
  4. Y

    I think my tiler has used floor grout on my walls?

    Hi I had my kitchen wall tiled last week. I'm not overly happy with the job at all, but the grout is terrible. It's really gritty. When I questioned him he said he'd used course grout because the tiles had uneven edges. I suspect he had some left over from a previous flooring job he'd been...
  5. stratford_noob

    Preparing walls for porcelain tiles

    Hello, I would start wit ha little back story. We've both a house where the main bathroom begged for renovation, however we didn't have the dime, so we've decided to get it slowly. The bathroom was half tiles and half wallpaper. In the supper I've removed the wallpaper, re-skimmed the walls and...
  6. J

    Advice please on adhesive and grout for floor and walls

    We've got as far as stripping out the bathroom in our new (to us) bungalow dug up floor, laid new pipework and electrics etc. now about to start the job of putting it back together! I'd really appreciate some recommendation for adhesive and grout and any other suggestions. Floor is concrete...
  7. J

    Tiling walls and floor, which adhesive and grout?

    We've got as far as stripping out the bathroom in our new (to us) bungalow dug up floor, laid new pipework and electrics etc. now about to start the job of putting it back together! I'd really appreciate some recommendation for adhesive and grout and any other suggestions. Floor is concrete...
  8. C

    Bathroom walls and floor

    I am in the process of tiling my bathroom walls and floor. I have purchased 600 x 600 porcelain tiles and I could do with some advice. I have been told that I should get 9mm marine ply laid over my floor boards. Is that correct advice. I also would like to know if there is a best price / trade...
  9. dg-1984

    Tiling walls with skirtings removed

    Hi all, we have had the floor tiles up to the skirtings. I am now going to tile the toilet walls 1/2 height. I have removed the skirtings and preped the walls etc but wanting to know how I would start due to there not being an edge for the first tile to sit on and I can not get a baton in there...
  10. How to use a Tile Leveling System for Walls

    How to use a Tile Leveling System for Walls

    Install tile with a tile levelling system on walls the right way. Tile Levelling System.
  11. D

    straightening walls prior to tiling

    Expert advise please you wonderful people. is it right that if a wall is tiled to an existing bathroom wall or walls, it is the duty of the installer/tiler to ensure that the wall is perfectly true and level? I assumed that old properties with leaning walls were simply tiled that way so long as...
  12. Dan

    How to use a tile levelling system for walls

    How to use a tile levelling system for walls
  13. JordanLincs

    Pictures Studs not where I need them

    So, I've removed all the tiles and plasterboard to find I can't reboard as the studs won't be correctly located on the 'back' wall. Advice would be greatly appreciated. Thanks
  14. K

    DIY Greetings - DIYer interesting in tiling walls and floors

    Hi - thanks for the access and greetings. Just a DIY'er with an interest in all aspects of tiling for walls or floors.
  15. JordanLincs

    Boarding walls with homelux sheets

    I've been told I can use homelux boards as a tilebacker board for walls! Is this correct?
  16. H

    Preparation Making walls good

    I am looking for some advise on how to best prepare bathroom wall for tiling. I removed and bricked up window and will be looking for a tiler to come and re-tile the walls around the bath. Should I strip back to brick and fix backer boards to bricks/thermalite blocks? Or should I just...
  17. S

    Quoting before seeing the state of the walls - how do I go about it?

    When quoting for a job how do I know what to quote if the old tiles havnt been removed and I don't know the state of the walls
  18. M

    New to the game, and needing help

    Hey guys and gals, I'm Michael and I'm new to the game. Looking for any and all experience in the Manchester area as well as any hints, tips or tricks you guys can offer to a newbie Thanks Michael
  19. L

    Preparation Adding moisture board to walls for tiling

    Hello all. I am after some advice. I am doing a bathroom job and have discovered that the walls are made of corrugated cardboard with plasterboard either side and then more plasterboard dot and dabbed onto this using multi finish. This extra layer has been removed and I want to add green...
  20. J

    Mapecoat I24 - Tanking to shower walls

    I'm thinking of using this to tank walls prior to tiling for a shower (tray going below). Walls have been bonded level and skimmed with multi. MAPECOAT I 24 - https://www.mapei.com/za/en/products-and-solutions/lines/products/detail/mapecoat-i-24 Has anyone used this and can confirm it can be...
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