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staining

Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level. Stains and dyes are frequently used in histology (microscopic study of biological tissues) and in the medical fields of histopathology, hematology, and cytopathology that focus on the study and diagnoses of disease at a microscopic level. Stains may be used to define biological tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells), or organelles within individual cells.
In biochemistry it involves adding a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. Staining and fluorescent tagging can serve similar purposes. Biological staining is also used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis. Light microscopes are used for viewing stained samples at high magnification, typically using bright-field or epi-fluorescence illumination.
Staining is not limited to biological materials, it can also be used to study the structure of other materials for example the lamellar structures of semi-crystalline polymers or the domain structures of block copolymers.

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  1. C

    White Tiles Gone Grey Around Shower/Bath

    I've got some matt white ceramic tiles that have gone grey on the shower wall. Presumably water ingress. I had two or three tiles do this before and had them replaced. I've only got a few left to replace the two that have discoloured. Will they go back to the white again and if so can I seal...
  2. G

    New terracotta tiles - discolouration, sealing

    Hi there First time poster - have had a tiler come and do our kitchen floor in terracotta tiles. He’s just finished this afternoon and they look great except there some white streaky discolouration on some of the tiles. They’re sealed with linseed oil, I suspect this is excess oil that hasn’t...
  3. M

    Aus Grout staining help!

    Hi - I have had a porcelain terrace laid and yesterday my dad grouted some of it for me. It was a nightmare day with weather and in hindsight shouldn't have started but now I'm faced with this... please please help. How do I clean this up? I've tried elbow grease, floor cleaner and Lithofin...
  4. C

    Staining wet room mosaic tiles

    Hi. I am looking for a product recommendation of a black stain for unsealed mosaic wet room tiles. The tiles are black but as they were not sealed by the fitter over a year ago and have become discolored . No amount of cleaning will help restore them and I’m looking for a product that I can...
  5. G

    Aus Black grout staining

    Hi, I have recently tiled a bathroom in a 9mm glazed Pietra serena lev 60x30 polished porcelain tile. I used a black bostik technik TGS grout but unfortunately it has left behind staining that I cannot remove, I have used HG cement grout film remover and vinegar but to no avail, I can’t seem to...
  6. G

    Limestone floor - colour issues around edges after grouting

    Hey guys, spoken to Harry about this and as usual is a great help wondered if anyone has any input on this? Artisans limestone floor , very porous, wanted to go with rapid all in one but they sent hydro seal instead, water based, so went with it, floor was cleaned and left for 24 hours, then...
  7. R

    crackle tiles and dark grout: patchy staining

    I have used dark grey grout with crackle metro tiles, the idea being that the grout stains the cracks before applying sealant and gives it an aged look. However, the tiles have stained very irregularly: some tiles just atined in patches, some have not taken stain at all. Any ideas what i can do...
  8. N

    Quarry tile staining

    Hi.. Just purchased a Victorian house, has quarry tiles in the entire basement. I initially thought I would have it tiled over completely as though they are in good condition, I'm not crazy about the tan/terracotta-y colour. Someone has suggested I stain them with a concrete stain then seal...
  9. I

    Ardex Any ideas please tiles stained from Ardex coloured silicone

    Please can you help i have just had my bathroom done. I bought Ardex coloured silver shimmer silicone to match grout. The residue from silicone has stained tiles. I have tried: White spirit Meths MultiSolve by CT1 Viakil (normally does everything for me) HG grout cleaner Fila tile and stone...
  10. D

    Indian Slate Tiles - White clouding / staining

    Hi, We had indian slate tiles laid on top of existing tiles in our bathroom floor Jan 2014. We then sealed the slated with a FILA intensifier to seal the stone as recommended by the supplier. Recently white staining has occurred as shown in the attached picture. I have reapplied the...
  11. Q

    Staining on white porcelain floor tile

    Afternoon all. I have been contacted by a new customer who says they have a problem with a stain on a polished white porcelain floor tile. They tell me the stain is from a terracotta dish they put on the floor for a dog drinking bowl, but it has left a nice brown stain on the tile which they...
  12. Chris_32

    Grout Best Grout sealer to prevent staining/discolouration

    Hi, I am putting wood effect tiles down which are porcelain (porcelanosa Chelsea bone to be specific) which are quite light in colour and will probably have a relatively light beige colour grout to match. Was looking for some advice on which sealer was best to prevent staining of grout and to...
  13. G

    Aus Help! Grout staining porcelain tiles problem

    Hi everyone, I've just completed laying a bathroom floor with 100x100mm black and white unglazed porcelain tiles ( PEI rated 5) . I've also knocked up a test piece on which to test the grout, as I'm a bit wary of the textured surface of these unglazed tiles. The intended grout colour is black...
  14. J

    blue water staining

    Anyone tell me how to remove, if possible, blue water staining of marble tiles in a shower. A job i did a year ago which the builder informs me has this problem, not see it myself yet.
  15. M

    Quarry Floor Tiles Appear To Have White Staining On Them

    Hi All, Apologies as I'm a novice and unsure if this is the same issue. We had grey Aragon quarry tiles (Aragon Charcoal Grey Quarry Tiles | Range | Walls2Floors laid and have had the devil of a time getting rid of marks (see pics). I'm a bit of a numpty and mopped the floor at one point -...
  16. P

    Porcelain Tiles - Staining and water ingress

    Hi. I have recently partly laid a bathroom floor using 2'x1' porcelain tiles in my home. The tiles are laid on a 3 ply substrate secured at 6" centres on a new 22mm chipboard batroom grade floor. The tiles were wet cut and laid using Ultratile ProRapid flexible tile adhesive. The day...
  17. J

    Silicon staining on Grey Limestone

    Hi. finished a Grey Limestone wet room last week. All good everyone happy. Bathroom fitter just called, he has silicone the glass screen in in clear Dow Corning and the stone has stained 5mm out from the edge of the silicon. The stone was sealed with 2 coats of stainstop. He said he used water...
  18. Dan

    Should I protect polished porcelain from staining?

    Polished Porcelain Tiles – Are they maintenance free? LTP recommends that you protect polished porcelain when fitting by applying an impregnating sealer to ensure the best resistance to staining. It is also important to make sure that polished porcelain is … Continue reading → More... Auto Feed...
  19. J

    stone sweating and staining under cordec.

    I have just had a call from a stone company who have employed my company to fix a limestone floor. the stone was predried in adryong room and presealed with stainstop mn. dd
  20. T

    new tiles with white grout, have yellow staining in random places

    Hi there Have been tiling for 4- 5 years now Always used bal bucket adheshive (green or white star) for walls and Ardex grout A while ago i had a job where there was white tiles with white ardex grout and yellow staining apeared (the next day after grouting) in a few areas, (this wasnt major as...
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