Make life easy, search the forum.

internal

An internality is the long-term benefit or cost to an individual that they do not consider when making the decision to consume a good or service. One way this is related to behavioral economics is by means of the concept of hyperbolic discounting, in which immediate consequences of a decision are disproportionately weighed compared to the future consequences. A potential cause is lack of access to full information regarding the associated costs and benefits prior to consumption. This contrasts with traditional economic theory, which makes the assumption that individuals are rational decision makers who take all personal costs into account when paying for goods and services.One example of a positive internality is the long run effect of exercising, if these are not taken into account when deciding whether to exercise. Future benefits that an individual may not take into consideration include a diminished risk of heart disease and higher bone density. A common example of a potential negative internality is the effect of smoking cigarettes on those who smoke. For the effect of secondhand smoke, see externality. Statistically, 80% of smokers want to quit, and 54% of people who are serious about quitting fail in a week or less. This implies that they do not act in their long-term best interest due to short-term discomfort. This is also known as the self-control problem, an inability to control short-term consumption to optimize long-term consumption. Smokers also may inflict an internally on themselves due to a lack of information on the issue or myopia.
If the demand for cigarettes has a high price elasticity of demand, which evidence seems to suggest, the government can combat the negative internality by raising taxes. It is important to note that elasticity might change based on location and knowledge about the harmful health effects of smoking. In traditional economic theory, a tax diminishes the welfare of the poor because the tax burden shifts to low-income communities, as fewer can afford the good (cigarettes), and horizontal equity (economics) is distorted. However, behavioral economic theory suggests that the tax is not regressive if low-income communities have higher (healthcare) costs and more price sensitivity than individuals with higher incomes. Taxes imposed to combat internalities are most effective when they target a specific good. A tax on junk food could apply to a large variety of goods that are widely consumed, and the cost of the tax might be perceived as more detrimental than beneficial for society. Another concern with instituting this type of tax is its potential to be regressive, meaning it takes the most money from those with the least resources. For example, a tax on sugary-sweetened beverages corrects an internality, but it is also regressive, as it has been shown people with lower incomes spend more on sugary-sweetened beverages. However, it has also been shown that people who consume the most sugary-sweetened beverages have the most lack of knowledge and thus the largest internalities, so the tax may end up not harming lower-income people but benefiting them the most. A major issue with creating effective legislature against negative internalities is that the tax imposed should only reflect the cost that individuals do not factor into their consumption decisions. The difficulty in measuring individual knowledge is an obstacle to developing new policies. Another point of concern is that the group benefitting from the tax, such as smokers who want to quit, must be sizable enough to offset any backlash from tobacco companies and lobbyists.

In the following graphs, D' and S' are the demand and supply curves if producers and consumers take all external costs (EC) into consideration. The tax attempting to prevent the internality should be set equal to the difference between D and D' at the optimal quantity, which is the unmeasured internal cost (IC).

View More On Wikipedia.org
  1. T

    Metro tile internal corners

    Hi all, new to the forum, I have read previous advice about tiling into an internal corner using Metro tiles. I still quite don't understand how you cut the mitre's to the internal corners
  2. H

    Silicone over Flexible Grout in Internal Corners?

    Hi all, As per the title, my tiler has grouted the internal corners of our new shower enclosure with a flexible tile grout. I found this out when visiting him at the end of the job, when he said it just needs siliconing on top, asking if I was happy to do it myself. At the time I thought...
  3. S

    Internal shower and niche corners..Grout or sealant?

    What would you guys recommend to finish the internal corners on this niche? Grout or sealant? The niche is inside of a shower cubicle Already grouted the corner of the cubicle then thought maybe it should have been sealant instead. That can be corrected if need be but wanted to double before...
  4. O

    Setting Out Perfect vertically stacked internal corners

    Client here. Having an ensuite made and need to decide on exact bathroom width. Crucial to this is how you do internal corners perfectly?? Tiles are 250x50mm, 8mm thick planning a 2mm grout. I want stacked vertical pattern and I want a whole tile meeting whole tile in the internal corners. I...
  5. O

    Metro tiles around an internal corner.

    I'm taking on my first tiling job in my utility room. Planning to just tile around the worktop area with metro tiles. I know Metros arent the easy ones to start with but they are bought now so onward we go. Got all the tools and the tiles etc. Started measuring out and had a bit of a confidence...
  6. A

    Internal Corners (again!)

    I've seen lots of posts on internal corners in a bathroom but am still confused as to what to do and I apologise for not getting it. I am tiling a bathroom wall and have got to the internal corners. From what I understand the two tiles will overlap and that a gap of 2mm should be used (ebtween...
  7. D

    Cutting tile trim into internal corner

    Hi everyone So, I’m in the process of re-fitting our kitchen. Everything is going swimmingly and I’m quickly approaching tiling along the worktops.. I don’t mind tiling but absolutely dread cutting tile trim. I’ve seen pre formed corners online for turns to take the the tiles up the wall at...
  8. D

    Are you supposed to mitre the internal corners of metro or should you scribe?

    The champers would obviously create to big a grout joint. I'm thinking a mitre. Scribing might be a bit wobbly looking?
  9. Adam18Spring

    Aus Where Metro's meet Mosaics internal corner..

    Hi Guys Just a quick one, i have 2 internal corners to do. The walls either side are in standard beveled white metro tiles 100x200mm The end 'feature' wall is in 50x150 mosaic metro tiles: My question is how would you do the junction between the 2? Just silicone the gap? Thanks
  10. A

    Internal corner trim or silicone?

    Hi Can you please let me know if a product like Schlüter DILEX-EKE or equivalent internal profile trim is generally visually cleaner than using silicone? I assume 3 way internal corners could look messy if not cut correctly but was wondering if I should go for some sort or trim like this for...
  11. S

    My 1st Job How to tile an internal corner

    I'm just wondering how to tile round an internal corner in terms of how to butt the tiles up to the wall. As they say, a picture says a thousand words, so should I go for A or B: And whichever option I go for, am I right in thinking that I'd need to caulk the join between the tiles that meet...
  12. C

    Internal cornor advice

    Hi, another newbie question. I am tiling a bathroom. On internal cornors, it was my understanding that you leave a gap where tile meets the wall by the same amount as your grout lines (3mm in my case). Then the same on the wall next to it then silcone. Tho when i dry fit them, its impossible...
  13. W

    Joining Timber floor with Tile wall?

    Was about to do flooring in my bathroom however got in a dilemma about how to actually do it, At first I wanted to butt-join the flooring straight up with tile and seal with colour matched silicon beading to cover the small gap and to make it a bit waterproof between the 2 surfaces. The...
  14. A

    Would you have tanked the internal corners on this?

    Was just watching this video and even though this guys tiling is spot on IMO, i cant help think he didn't do his wet room exactly as i would. I see when he taped his corners, he didnt use the wet tanking membrane that would get rolled on. I see he didnt tape all around the kaskade tray as...
  15. T

    Tiling Wooden Internal Stairs

    Hi all, I was wondering if anybody has done this or if they have any advice about doing so? I'm not even sure that it's a good idea or not. But, presumably if plenty of screws were put in and there was little movement then it should be achievable.
  16. S

    Remove Grout From Internal Corners?

    Hopefully a quick one for ya. When I grouted recently I was obviously not careful enough and got some grout in the internal corners in a few areas, where I had intended to silicone. Do you think I should remove all the grout before I silicone or will I get away with it do you reckon? I did try...
  17. T

    building a curved internal stud wall

    Hi, Looking for some advice.... A returning client has came to me in a bit of a dilemma and requires quite a large job to go ahead immediately. We have knocked down internal walls and lifted floor, new room to consist of wet floor all off one slab of marble templated and cut for falls ideally...
  18. D

    Ardex A 46

    Anyone use it ? i had a few bags as a freebie from Ardex used it and love it it will be a handy product to keep on the van :cool: How about you guys ?
  19. P

    New Build Tilers In Kent, 620m2 Internal & External, Wall & Floor, Team Wanted

    We have a single new build property ready for tiling. The job comprises 620m2 in total. Porcelain floor tiles throughout on the floor with stair treads pre-cut. 15-20m2 of glass mosaics on walls. 250 m2 of Limestone strips to be fitted external. Floors are level. We are looking for a team...
  20. T

    Shower Alcove Internal Corners - Grouted By Mistake, Can I Silicone On Top??

    Dang diddly! In my mad rush to get as much of the shower alcove grouted before the epoxy grout became unusable, I absent mindedly filled the vertical corner joints with grout. I tanked the bejeebus outta the whole alcove, and the bathroom is on the ground floor sitting on sand and cement...
This website is hosted and managed by www.untoldmedia.co.uk. Creating content since 2001.

UK Tiling Forum Stats

Threads
66,600
Messages
866,701
Members
9,509
Latest member
flooringdemand
Top
AdBlock Detected

We get it, advertisements are annoying!

Sure, ad-blocking software does a great job at blocking ads, but it also blocks useful features of our website. For the best site experience please disable your AdBlocker.

I've Disabled AdBlock